祈使句的直接引语变间接引语
在第一单元中我们学习了陈述句和疑问句的直接引语变间接引语的用法，本期主要讲解祈使句的直接引语变间接引语的用法。先看两个句子：
1. “Put your coat in the closet,”the landlord said to him.→ The landlord asked him to put his coat in the closet.
2. The father said to his children,“Don't move!”→The father told his children not to move.
从以上两个句子可以看出：例句1是表示“请求”的口气；例句2是表示“命令”的口气。
由此看来，当我们转述祈使句时，通常将原句中的动词变为动词不定式，并在不定式的前面加上ask, order, tell等转述动词，形成三种结构：①表示邀请、请求某人做某事时用ask sb. to do sth.; ②表示叫、吩咐某人做某事时用tell sb. to do sth.; ③表示命令某人做某事时用order sb. (not) to do sth.。例如：
①She said to us, “Please have a rest.” →She asked us to have a rest.
②The old man said, “Don't smoke in the hall.”→The old man told me not to smoke in the hall.
③The officer said, “Go away.” →The officer ordered us to go away.
注意：当祈使句的直接引语变为间接引语时，因为祈使句表示“请求”、“命令”等口气，所以祈使句直接引语变为间接引语时不存在时态的变化。但是人称、指示代词、时间、地点状语等的变化还应根据陈述句直接引语变间接引语的方法进行相应的改变。例如：
One of the doctors said, “Let me go on with the operation, Dr. Bethune.”→ One of the doctors asked Dr. Bethune to let him go on with the operation.
不知道同学们注意到没有，该句直接引语中有个称呼语Dr. Bethune，一般把它当作宾语用。再如：
“Go and wash your face, Tom,” Mother said.→Mother told Tom to go and wash his face.
顺便提一下，祈使句的间接引语变直接引语也应该遵循陈述句间接引语变直接引语的方法。例如： Wei Fang asked him to give it to her. →“Give it to me, please,” Wei Fang said to him.
只要同学们认真记住以上三种祈使句直接引语变间接引语的基本结构，相信同学们一定能学会祈使句的直接引语变间接引语。
小试牛刀：A)变下列直接引语为间接引语。
1.“Stop talking!”the monitor said to the class.
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2. “Repeat it three times,” the teacher said to her.
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3. “Will you buy some bread for me?” he said to her.
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4.“Don't take off your coat,” she said to her sister.
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5. “Stay here!” the officer said to the soldier.
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B)填空完成间接引语，每空一词。
6. “Don't forget to give the message to my wife,” he said to Li Ping.
He _______ Li Ping _______ _______ forget to give the message to _______ wife.
7. “Mum, please help me find my shirt,” he said.
He _______ his mother _______ help _______ find _______ shirt.
8. “Use your knife to cut the boots open,” the officer said to the guard.
The officer _______ the guard _______ _______ _______ knife to cut the boots open.
9. “Don't spend too much time on football!” Mother said to me.
Mother _______ me _______ _______ _______ too much time on football.
10. “Will you sleep and get up early, children?” Father said.
Father _______ the children _______ _______ and _______ up early.
C)单项选择。
11. “Don't worry about me,” she _______ her sister.
A. said to B. referred to C. thanked to D. spoke
12. “ _______ help me with my English?”she said.
A. Shall we B. Do you C. Could you D. Might you
13. She told me _______ a noise in the hall.
A. don't make B. not to make C. make not to D. to make not
14. Martin _______ his dog to lie down under the big tree.
A. made B. had C. promised D. ordered
15. His father asked the boy, “ _______ are doing this for?”
A. What; you B. Which; you C. Where; we D. Why; we
Key:
A) 1. The monitor told the class to stop talking. 2. The teacher asked her to repeat it three times. 3. He asked her to buy some bread for him. 4. She asked her sister not to take off her coat. 5. The officer ordered the soldier to stay there.
B) 6. told; not to; his 7. asked; to; him; his 8. ordered; to use his 9. told; not to spend 10. asked; to sleep; get
C)11—15 ACBDA
